Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations was passed on October 26, 1961 at Rome. The Rome Convention includes 34 articles secures protection in performances for performer in phonograms for producers of phonograms and in broadcasts for broadcasting organizations. This Convention was built to respond to new technologies like tape recorders which is existing as a new circumstance of representing ideas.  The limitations of Rome Convention is private use, use of short excerpts for reporting events, for teaching purposes or scientific research. This Convention is open to States party to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1886) or to the Universal Copyright Convention.

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http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/treaties/en/rome/trt_rome_001en.pdf

Brussels Convention Relating to the Distribution of Programme-Carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite was passed on May 21, 1974 at Brussels. Brussels comprises 12 articles providing for the obligation of each Contracting State to take adequate measures to prevent the unauthorized distribution on or from its territory of any programme-carrying signal transmitted by satellite.

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http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/treaties/en/brussels/trt_brussels_001en.pdf

Bern Convention for the Protection of Literacy and Artistic Works was adopted on September 9, 1886 and came into force in December, 1887. The Bern Convention is composed of 38 articles regulating issues on protecting of literary and artistic works and an appendix. This Convention deal with the protection of works and the rights of their authors. Bern Convention spends concession for developing countries that want to make use of it throughout the appendix “ Special provisions regarding developing countries” which consists of 6 articles.

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http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/text.jsp?file_id=283698

Hague Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Industrial Designs was adopted in July 2, 1999. The object relate to this Agreement is Industrial designs. Hague Agreement established an international system that is a crucial foundation to protect industrial designs in multiple countries with minial fomarlities. The provisions of this Act regulates procedure of registering industrial designs and other provisions in final chapter relate to become party to this Act or make ratification and accession, declaration of contracting parties, denunciation, language. Hague Agreement was divided into 4 chapters and 34 articles.

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Trademark Law treaty was passed on October 27, 1994 consisting of 25 articles. The goal of this Treaty is to standardize and streamline national and regional trademark registration procedures by simplifying of certain features of those procedures. That reason why trademark applications and administration of trademark registrations in multiple jurisdictions become less complex and more predictable. The Treaty is open to States members of WIPO and to certain intergovernmental organizations.

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http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/text.jsp?file_id=294357

Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks was adopted at Madrid on June 27, 1989. This is comprised of 16 articles. The system makes it possible to protect a mark in a large number of countries by obtaining an international registration that has effect in each of the designated Contracting Parties.

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Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks was established in 1891 for the purpose of providing a mechanism that helps for international trademark registration to eliminate the need for filing, prosecuting or maintaining separate registrations in multiple countries. Registration of a mark under the Agreement provides for the legal equivalent of registration in member countries designated by the mark owner. The Agreement also provides for a simplified renewal system since registration to renew and chances to the original registration affecting all the countries included in the registration can be made through a single filing with WIPO. This Agreement includes 18 articles.

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Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure was passed on Budapest on April 28, 1977, and amended on September 26, 1980. Budapest Treaty includes 4 parts and 20 articles relating to patent procedure. The main feature of the Treaty is that a contracting State which allows or requires the deposit of microorganisms for the purposes of patent procedure must recognize, for such purposes, the deposit of a microorganisms with any “international depositary authority”, irrespective of whether such authority is on or outside the territory of the said State. The Treaty increases the security of the depositor because it establishes a uniform system of deposit, recognition and furnishing of samples of microorganisms.

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http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/text.jsp?file_id=283784

Patent Cooperation Treaty was passed on at Washington on June 19, 1970 and modified on February 3, 1984, and on October 3, 2001. PCT comprises 8 chapters and 69 articles and came in force on April 1, 2002. The Patent Cooperation Treaty assists applicants in finding protection internationally for their inventions, helps patents office with their patent granting decisions, and facilitates public access to the wealth of technical information relating to those inventions. By filing one international patent application under PCT, applicants can seek protection for an invention in many countries throughout the world.

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Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property was adopted in 1883. The Paris Convention applies to industrial property in widest sense, including patent, utility models, industrial designs, trademarks, service marks,  trade names, indication of source or appellation of origin, and the repression of unfair competition. The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property includes 30 articles which helps creators ensure that their intellectual works were protected in other countries. The substantive provision of the Convention fall into three main categories: national treatment, right of priority, common rules.

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Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) was signed at Stockholm on July 14, 1967 and as amended on September 28, 1979. Under article 3, the goal of this Organization is promoting the protection of intellectual property throughout the world through cooperation among States and ensure administrative cooperation among Unions. This convention includes 21 articles and entered into force on April, 26, 1970.

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Agreement on Trade – Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) is an international agreement negotiated within Uruguay Round which of The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1994. This Agreement is to reduce distortions and impediments to international trade, and taking into account the need to promote effective and adequate protection of Intellectual property rights, and to ensure that measures to procedures to enforce intellectual property rights and do not themselves become barriers to legitimate trade. TRIPS Agreement is Annex 1C of Agreement Establishing The World Trade Organization (WTO) including 3 parts and 71 articles which is compulsory for all of members passed on April 15, 1994 at Marrakesh and came into force on January 1, 1995.

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Seed Ordinance was promulgated by National Assembly Standing Committee under No: 15/2004/PL-UBTVQH11. The purpose of this Ordinance is stipulating the management and preservation rules for plant genetic resources, research, selection, breeding, evaluation, on-site inspection, seed testing, release the new variety and protection of new plant varieties, selection and certification of mother trees, seed orchards, variety garden and forest; seed production and business; quality control for the seed and seedling. This Ordinance was divided in 8 chapters and 51 articles and took effect on 1^st July 2004.

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Under No. 44/2002/PL-UBTVQH10, Ordinance of handling of administrative violations was enacted. The goal of this Ordinance is to prescribes on handling of Administrative violations to prevent and combat administrative violations, contributing to maintaining the security, social order and safety, protecting the interest of State as well as legitimate rights and interest of individuals and organizations, enhancing the socialist legislation and raising the State management effectiveness. There are 10 chapters and 124 articles in this Ordinance which shall replace the July 6, 1995 Ordinance on Handling of Administrative Violations and takes effect as from October 1, 2002.

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Under no. 29/2006/PL-UBTVQH, Ordinance amending and supplementing a number of articles of Ordinance on procedures for the settlement of Administrative cases was promulgated. This Ordinance amends and supplements a number of articles of May 21, 1996 Ordinance on Procedures for the Settlement of Administrative case, which was amended and supplemented under December 25, 1998 Ordinance amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Ordinance on procedures for the settlement of Administrative cases. 28 articles was amended and supplemented relating to the content of them and in this Ordinance, the article 29^th indicates the change of using a phrase. Following this article, all of phrases “”court session clerk” should be changed as “court court clerk” in articles 39, 41, 44, 49 and 52.

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